Which policy could help address under-population in Australia?

The policy of relaxing visa rules and providing benefits to young families is an effective approach to addressing under-population in Australia. This strategy would encourage immigration, particularly from younger individuals and families who are likely to contribute to the workforce and stimulate economic growth. By making it easier for families to settle in the country, Australia can increase its population and enhance its demographic balance.

Supporting young families with benefits can further encourage them to have more children and create a stable environment for raising the next generation, which is vital for sustaining population levels. This combined approach can help boost the birth rate and alleviate the problems associated with under-population, such as an aging workforce and declining economic productivity.

In contrast, the other policies presented would not effectively address the issue of under-population. For example, insisting on higher education for all could potentially limit the ability of many young individuals to participate in the workforce, especially if educational requirements become barriers to entering the job market. Restricting immigration could reduce the influx of people needed to balance the demographic structure, and encouraging older age retirement may remove experienced workers from the labor force, further exacerbating under-population challenges.