Which of the following best describes a consequence of overpopulation?

The consequence of overpopulation is best described by the strain on resources and infrastructure. When a population exceeds the capacity that an area can sustainably support, it leads to increased competition for limited resources such as water, food, and housing. This can result in various challenges such as overcrowded cities, shortages of essential services, and increased pressure on healthcare and education systems. The infrastructure, which includes transportation, sanitation, and energy supply, often becomes overwhelmed, leading to deterioration in quality of life and increased socioeconomic challenges for the population.

The other options do not accurately characterize the primary consequences of overpopulation. Increased job opportunities may arise in some contexts, but this is not a definitive consequence of overpopulation overall; often, job markets can become saturated. Greater environmental sustainability is also unlikely as population growth typically places additional strain on natural resources, leading to environmental degradation. Additionally, while it may seem that overpopulation could stabilize birth rates over time due to resource limitations, this is not a direct consequence of the initial phase of overpopulation. Therefore, the most fitting description of the consequences of overpopulation is the strain it places on resources and infrastructure.