What social benefit can arise from a fertility transition?

The social benefit that can arise from a fertility transition is the increase in economic opportunities for women. During a fertility transition, which typically involves a decline in birth rates as societies develop, women often gain better access to education and employment. This shift allows them to participate more fully in the workforce, pursue careers, and achieve financial independence. Additionally, as families become smaller, women may have more resources and time to invest in their personal and professional development. This empowerment can lead to broader societal benefits, such as improved economic growth and enhanced gender equality.

The other options represent outcomes that contradict the trends typically seen during a fertility transition, such as lower involvement in global markets and a decrease in reproductive health education, which generally do not occur as societies modernize and improve access to information and opportunities. Increased survival rates among infants can certainly be a result of better health care and family planning, but it is not a direct social benefit that ties back to the fertility transition in the same way that enhanced economic opportunities for women do.