What is the 'youth bulge' phenomenon?

The youth bulge phenomenon refers to a demographic situation where a significant proportion of the population is composed of young people, typically those aged 15 to 24. This situation often arises in developing countries where higher birth rates and declining mortality rates contribute to a larger base of young individuals in the population pyramid.

Such a demographic trend can lead to potential instability for various reasons. A large youth population may create pressure on education systems, job markets, and social services. If the economy is unable to absorb this influx of young people into the workforce, it can result in high unemployment rates, which may lead to discontent and social unrest. Moreover, without proper investment in education and job creation, this youth bulge can exacerbate issues related to poverty and inequality, potentially resulting in increased crime or political instability.

The other options do not accurately describe the youth bulge phenomenon. For instance, a focus on the aging population or a larger elderly demographic is completely opposite to the concept of a youth bulge. Urbanization is a process believed to be influenced by various factors, including economic opportunity, rather than a direct result of the youth bulge itself.