What is the primary reason societies experience declining birth rates in stage three of the demographic transition?

In stage three of the demographic transition model, societies typically experience declining birth rates primarily due to higher levels of urbanization and improved access to contraceptive methods. As a country transitions into this stage, there is often a significant shift from rural to urban living. Urbanization tends to change the economic, social, and cultural dynamics of a society, leading to altered family structures and norms regarding childbearing.

In urban areas, the costs associated with raising children often increase, prompting families to reconsider the number of children they wish to have. With access to educational and professional opportunities, particularly for women, there is a greater emphasis on career development and personal choice, which contributes to families deciding to have fewer children.

Moreover, access to contraceptives provides couples with the means to control their reproductive choices, supporting smaller family sizes. This empowerment through education and health resources is critical in enabling individuals to make informed decisions regarding family planning.

The other options, while they can affect birth rates, do not primarily account for the trend observed in stage three of the demographic transition. For example, increased child mortality rates would typically lead to higher birth rates, as families have more children to offset potential losses. Economic recessions may influence birth rates, but the direct correlation seen with urbanization