What are the effects of overpopulation?

The effects of overpopulation often manifest in significant challenges related to resource management and environmental sustainability. When a population exceeds the carrying capacity of its environment, it can lead to resource depletion, where essential materials such as water, arable land, and energy sources are exhausted due to excessive consumption. Additionally, this increased demand can result in environmental degradation, where ecosystems are harmed through deforestation, pollution, and loss of biodiversity. This aligns with many studies that have documented how overpopulation strains infrastructure, contributes to climate change, and leads to the decline of natural habitats.

In contrast, some of the other options do not accurately reflect the realities associated with overpopulation. For instance, the notion of increased quality of life and resource abundance fundamentally contradicts the core issues posed by overpopulation, which typically sees those qualities declining instead. Similarly, the idea that overpopulation leads to lower educational attainment does not encompass the complete scope, as educational access can be impacted differently in overpopulated areas compared to underpopulated ones. Lastly, decreased urban migration would not generally be a direct result of overpopulation, as overcrowded rural areas often push individuals towards urban centers in search of better living conditions, which can further exacerbate the challenges faced by cities. Thus, the clear understanding