How does HIV impact the economy?

HIV significantly impacts the economy by leading to decreased workforce availability. As the disease progresses, it affects individuals' health, reducing their ability to work and contribute to economic activities. In regions heavily affected by HIV, a higher prevalence of the virus often results in increased morbidity and mortality rates, meaning that many individuals may be unable to maintain employment or may die prematurely. This loss in human capital can lead to labor shortages in various sectors, particularly in industries that rely on younger, more active populations. Consequently, businesses face challenges in maintaining productivity levels, and overall economic output can diminish, creating a ripple effect that impacts poverty levels, social services, and healthcare systems.

In contrast, options that suggest increased productivity, higher worker availability, or enhanced economic growth do not accurately capture the economic consequences of HIV, as they overlook the detrimental effects the epidemic has on workforce health and demographic structure.